性别

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本條目仍然有文字尚未被翻譯成中文，條目是根據其他語言的維基百科內容進行翻譯。
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附註：翻譯主要來源為維基百科英文版的Sex條目。

其他定義請參見性別 (消歧義)。

生物中有許多物種可以劃分成兩個或兩個以上的種類，稱之為性別。這些不同的性別個體會互相補足結合彼此的基因，以繁衍後代，這種過程稱為繁殖。典型的情況下，一個物種會有兩種性別：雄性與雌性。雌性被界定為生產較大配子（gamete，也就是生殖細胞）的那一方。因此，性別的種類是依據個體在其生命週期某段時間中能夠執行的生殖功能來決定。

因為這個是生物學意義之下的定義，又稱為生物性別或生理性別，另外有與身分認同比較有關的社會性別。

[编辑] 動物中的性別

主条目：Animal sexuality和Mating system

Animal sexual behavior takes many different forms, even within the same species. Researchers have observed monogamy, promiscuity, sex between species, sexual arousal from objects or places, rape, ed behaviour, such as intersex and transgender animals.

The study of animal sexuality (and primate sexuality especially) is a rapidly developing field. It used to be believed that only humans and a handful of species performed sexual acts other than for procreation, and that animals' sexuality was instinctive and a simple response to the "right" stimulation (sight, scent). Current understanding is that many species believed monogamous have now been proven to be promiscuous or opportunistic in nature, a wide range of species appear to both masturbate and to use objects as tools to help them do so, in many species animals try to give and get sexual stimulation with others where procreation is not the aim, and homosexual behavior has now been observed among 1,500 species, and in 500 of those it is well documented.

There are species that have 3, 4 or 5 sexes. For example:

the clam shrimp Eulimnadia texana has three sexes, that is, it is a triploid organism.^[1]
harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex has three sexes^[2] or maybe four sexes^[3]
the reptile tuatara might have four sexes [1]
Coprinus macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea might have three or four sexes [2]
Coprinus lagopus has four sexes [3]
Fausto-Sterling proposes that there are five sexes of humans ^[4][4]
Other species have exhibited evidence of 5 sexes [5]

[编辑] 人類的性別

定義的層面	女性	男性
生物層面
第一性徵
平常的性染色體	人類的XX染色體	人類的XY染色體
平常的生殖腺	卵巢	睾丸
平常的外生殖器構造	陰蒂頭、陰唇、陰戶、陰蒂包皮、尿道口	陰莖、陰囊、包皮、尿道口
平常的內生殖器構造	陰蒂、陰道、子宮、輸卵管、卵巢	海綿體、尿道、前列腺、儲精囊、睾丸
第二性徵
平常	乳房，月經，「8」字形身材，身高較矮，體脂肪較多。	較多臉部與身體之體毛，三角形身材，身高較高，體脂肪較少。
平常兩性皆有	陰毛，掖毛
心理層面 (性別 (文化))
平常的指定性別	「這是個女孩。」	「這是個男孩。」
平常的養育性別	「你是個女孩。」	「你是個男孩。」
平常的性別認同	「我是個女孩／女人。」	「我是個男孩／男人。」
平常的性別角色	「陰柔」的社會行為	「陽剛」的社會行為
平常的性傾向	愛戀男性	愛戀女性