穆拉德一世

注意：这个条目正在进行重大的修改。
為避免編輯衝突，请暂时勿编辑此条目，並查看编辑历史（使用完畢或暂时不再编辑时，请刪除这个標籤。）

Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr, "the God-liked one") (1319 (or 1326) – 1389) (Arabic: مراد الأول) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilüfer) and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359. He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the janissaries and the devşirme recruiting system. He also organised the government of the Divan, the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the kazasker. He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumeli (Europe).

Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karamanid in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371 by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa, the first governor (beylerbey) of Rumeli. In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. In 1389 Murad's army crushed a Balkans Christian army at the first Battle of Kosovo. After the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Milos Obilic, a Serbian noble who earlier swore that it would be his sword that would kill Murad. (see the conquests of Murad I).